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Directive · requires national transposition · CELEX 32022L2557

CER

Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities

Official text: Directive (EU) 2022/2557 (Critical Entities Resilience Directive)Tier 1 · primary law

Status
Transposition overdue as of 26 September 2026
Key dates
4 dated events
Competent authority
Member States
Sanction ceiling
none recorded

A directive: obligations bite at national dates. The transposition deadline of 17 October 2024 has passed; on 29 April 2026 the Commission referred Bulgaria, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden to the Court of Justice for failing to transpose.

What it does

Physical and organisational resilience of critical entities; NIS2's companion on the non-cyber side.

How it allocates obligations

Sectoral criticality.

Regulated actor
Critical entity
Protected party
End user
Territorial reach
Established in the EU
Implementation model
Requires national transposition
Enforcement mechanism
National competent authorities, following national transposition.

Key dates

Entry into force, application and transposition are different events and are kept apart. A date at month precision is shown as a month rather than invented as a day.

  1. 14 December 2022AdoptionAdoption
  2. 27 December 2022Publication in the Official JournalPublication in the Official Journal
  3. 16 January 2023Entry into forceEntry into force
  4. 17 October 2024Transposition deadlineMember States must have transposed the CER Directive.

The whole compliance calendar, filterable →

Who it applies to

No rules recorded

The applicability engine holds no rule for this instrument yet. Absence of a rule is absence of knowledge, not evidence that the instrument does not reach you.

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Key provisions

No provisions recorded

No article of this instrument has been entered into the dataset. The obligations it imposes are therefore described here only in general terms, and the applicability rules for it cannot point at articles.

Enforcement

No enforcement recorded

This dataset holds no enforcement action under this instrument. That is what the record says; it is not a finding that none has been taken.

The whole enforcement observatory →

Evidence and sources

Every statement this site makes about CER, graded by what actually carries it. The grade is derived from the claim type and its sources, never stored, so it cannot drift from what it describes.

The instrument record itself was last verified on 27 August 2026; every claim below carries its own date.

1 Interpretation
Interpretationinterpretation

The EU's directive-based instruments underperform its regulation-based ones badly — the strongest single argument for the regulation-first drafting approach used elsewhere in the rulebook.

Tier 2 · regulatorsupports in part

Commission refers Ireland, Spain, France and the Netherlands to the Court of Justice for failing to transpose NIS2 — European Commission 8 July 2026

Unverified · the brief itselfstates this

Original source document underlying this siteno link — The European Legal Framework for the Digital World (this brief) 19 August 2026 Part VII

Read it in the brief →Last verified 27 August 2026

The full bibliography and the evidence method →

How it interacts

1 recorded interaction with other instruments — each with a direction, the provisions that carry it and its own sources. Direction is preserved as recorded: an instrument that amends another is not the same as one amended by it.